| Acronym | Meaning |
| GEM | Giotto Extended Mission |
| SDIO | Strategic Defense Initiative Organization |
| GC | Galactic Center |
| AFPRO | Air Force Plan Representative Office |
| IUS | Inertial Upper Stage |
| SID | Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance |
| MNRAS | Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society |
| DARA | Deutsche Agentur Fuer Raumfahrtangelegenheiten |
| UARS | Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite |
| SNU | Solar Neutrino Units |