| Acronym | Meaning |
| RMT | Remote |
| RN | Reynolds Number |
| RNDZ | Rendezvous |
| RNG | Range |
| RNG | RT Range Rate |
| RO | Radar Operator |
| RO | Readout |
| RO | Receive Only |
| RO | Recovery Operations |
| ROB | Right Outboard |
| ROC | Record Of Comments |
| ROC | Request Of Change |
| ROD | Remote Operated Door(s) |
| ROLL | Roll Angle |
| ROM | Read-Only Memory |
| ROM | Rough Order Of Magnitude |
| ROS | Rosman |
| ROS | Regulated Oxygen Supply |
| ROS | Regulated Oxygen SYstem |
| ROS | Removable Overhead Structure |
| ROT | Rotate |
| ROT | Remaining Operating Time |
| ROTI | Recording Optical Tracking Instrument |
| ROUT | Rollout |
| RP | Relative Pressure |
| RP | Repair Period |
| RP | Rocket Propellant |
| RPA | Record And Playback Assembly |
| RPA | Request For Procurement Action (Authorization) |
| RPC | Remote Power Controller |
| RPC | Remote Power Controller |
| RPE | Reliability Project Engineer |
| RPIE | Real Property Installed Equipment |
| RPL | Rated Power Level |
| RPL | Rated Power Level |
| RPLC | Replace |
| RPM | Revolutions Per Minute |
| RPO | Radiation Protection Officer |
| RPOC | Remote Payload Operations Center |
| RPP | Reinforced Pyrolytic Plastic |
| RPS | Record And Playback System (Subsystem) |
| RPS | Revolutions Per Second |
| RPSF | Rotation |
| RPT | Resident Provisioning Team |
| RPT | Rudder Pedal Transducer |
| RPTA | Rudder Pedal Transducer Assembly |
| RPTA | Rudder Pedal Transducer Assembly |
| RPV | Remotely Piloted Vehicle |
| RQ | Respiratory Quotient |
| RQMT | Requirement |