| Acronym | Meaning |
| BOM | Bond Orbital Model |
| BONUS | Boiling Nuclear Superheat (reactor) |
| BOO | Bond Order Orbital |
| BOO | Bond Orientational Order |
| BOP | Basic-O Process |
| BOP | Benzyl Octyl Phthalate |
| BOPF | Basic Oxygen Process Furnace |
| BOPP | Biaxially Oriented Poly(propylene) |
| BOREAS | Boreal Ecosystem - Atmosphere Exchange Study |
| BORT | Bond Orbital Resonance Theory |
| BOS | Basic Oxygen Steelmaking |
| BOSEX | Baltic Open Sea Experiment |
| BOSS | Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System |
| BOSS | Bistable Optically Controlled Semiconductor Switch |
| BOSS | Book Of SEMI Standards |
| BOSS | Boron Out-diffused Surface Strap |
| BOT | Build-operate-transfer [an Agreement Or Contract] |
| BOTDA | Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis |
| BOTDR | Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry |
| BOVB | Biorthogonal Valence Bond |
| BOVOC | Biogenic Oxygenated Volatile Org. Compd. |
| BOW | Bond-order Wave |
| BOWMAN | Bidimensional Simulator Operating On Weakly Coupled Systems For Multipulse Sequences On Any NMR Software |
| BP | British Petroleum |
| BPA | Bisphenol A |
| BPAI | Board Of Patent Appeals And Interferences |
| BPB | 4-bromophenacyl Bromide |
| BPB | Bromophenol Blue |
| BPB | Blood Lead |
| BPBG | Butyl Phthalyl Butyl Glycolatepar |
| BPC | N-butylpyridinium Chloride |
| BPC | British Pharmaceutical Codex |
| BPC | Blood Platelet Count |
| BPC | Bonded-phase Chromatography |
| BPCC | 2,2'-bipyridinium Chlorochromate |
| BPCD | Bipolar Pulse Conductivity Detector |
| BPCT | Best Practicable Control Technology |
| BPD | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
| BPDA | 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic Dianhydride |
| BPDA | Born Point Dipole Approximation |
| BPEO | Best Practicable Environmental Option |
| BPFT | Bohm-Pines-Fock-Tani (Hamiltonian In Calcns. On Plasmons) |
| BPH | Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
| BPJ | Best Professional Judgement |
| BPL | Bone Phosphate Of Lime (phosphate Content As Calcium Phosphate) |
| BPNN | Back Propagation Neural Network |
| BPO | Benzoyl Peroxide |
| BPP | Bloembergen |
| BPR | Biological Phosphorus Removal |
| BPR | Bromopyrogallol Red |