| Acronym | Meaning |
| OEIC | Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit |
| OEL | Occupational Exposure Limit |
| OELD | Organic Electroluminescent Device |
| OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer |
| OEMO | One Electron Molecular Orbital |
| OEMTB | One-electron Mol. Tight-binding (for Electronic Structure) |
| OEO | Overlap-enhanced Orbital |
| OEP | Odd-even (alkane/carbon) Predominance (geology) |
| OEP | Optimized Effective-potential (quantum Method) |
| OEP-SIC | Optimized Effective Potential Self-interaction Correction |
| OER | Oxygen Enhancement Ratio |
| OERR | Office Of Emergency And Remedial Response |
| OES | Occupational Exposure Standard |
| OES | Optical Emission Spectroscopy |
| OESO | Ordnance Environmental Support Office (Navy) |
| OETP | Orbiter Electron Temp. Probe |
| OFA | Oil Fly Ash |
| OFAGE | Orthogonal-field-alternation Gel Electrophoresis |
| OFDR | Off-frequency Decoupling Resonance |
| OFET | Organic Field Effect Transistor |
| OFISP | Oscillating Flow Injection Stripping Potentiometry |
| OFMSW | Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Waste |
| OFPT | Operator Form (of) Perturbation Theory |
| OFR | Oxygen Free Radical |
| OFW | Organic Free Water |
| OGC | Office Of General Counsel |
| OGCM | Oceanic General Circulation Model |
| OGDR | Optogalvanic Double Resonance |
| OGE | One Gluon Exchange |
| OGE | Optogalvanic Effect |
| OGTT | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test |
| OGWDW | Office Of Ground Water And Drinking Water |
| OHAO | Orthogonalized Hybrid Atomic Orbital |
| OHC | Outer Hair Cell |
| OHCE | One-and-a-half-centered Expansion (method For Calcns. On Charge Transfer In Ion-atom Scattering) |
| OHD | Optical Heterodyne Detection |
| OHEA | Office Of Health And Environmental Assessment (USEPA) |
| OHER | Office Of Health And Environmental Research (US Dept. Of Energy) |
| OHFS | Optimized Hartree-Fock-Slater |
| OHMS | Office Of Hazardous Materials Safety |
| OHMTADS | Oil And Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data System |
| OHS MSDS | Occupational Health Services Material Safety Data Sheets |
| OIA | Office Of International Activities |
| OIB | Ocean Island Basalt |
| OIC | Optical Interface Coupler |
| OIDA | Optoelectronics Industry Development Association |
| OIG | Office Of Inspector General |
| OIM | Orientation Imaging Microscopy |
| OIML | Organization Internationale De Metrologie Legale |
| OIP | Optimized Inner Projection (method For Mol. Property Calcns.) |