| Acronym | Meaning |
| MP3 | Moeller-Plesset Third-order Perturbation Theory |
| MP4(DQ) | Moeller-Plesset Perturbation Treatment To Fourth Order In The Space Of Double And Quadruple Substitutions |
| MP4(SDTQ) | Moeller-Plesset (perturbation Theory To) 4th Order With Single |
| MPA | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate |
| MPA | Multipurpose Additive |
| MPAN | Peroxy Methacrolyl Nitrate |
| MPB | Morphotropic Phase Boundary |
| MPC | Maximum Permissible Concentration |
| MPC | Model Predictive Control |
| MPCA | Minnesota Pollution Control Agency |
| MPCA | Multiway Principal Component Analysis |
| MPCVD | Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition |
| MPD | Maximum Permissible Dose |
| MPD | Multiphoton Dissociation |
| MPDS | Moment-polarized Dirac-Slater |
| MPE | Mean Percent Error |
| MPE | Multiphoton Excitation |
| MPF | Maturation-promoting Factor |
| MPHF | Maximally Paired Hartree Fock |
| MPI | Mass Psychogenic Illness (in Indoor Air Pollution) |
| MPI | Modified Perturbation Iteration |
| MPI | Multiphoton Ionization |
| MPI | Multivariable Proportional-integral [control(ler)] |
| MPIF | Metal Powder Industries Federation |
| MPIF | Myeloid Progenitor Inhibitory Factor |
| MPK | Methyl Propyl Ketone |
| MPL | Maximum Permitted Level |
| MPLC | Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography |
| MPLS | Modified Partial Least Squares |
| MPMMG | Marine Pollution Monitoring Management Group (UK) |
| MPN | Most Probable Number |
| MPNO | Molecular Pair Natural Orbital |
| MPO | Metropolitan Planning Organization |
| MPO | Modified Polarized Orbital |
| MPOBK | Model Potential Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers |
| MPPA | Modulated Pulse Potential Amperometry |
| MPPCF | Millions Of Particles Per Cubic Foot |
| MPPSIRD | Mass Peak Profiling From Selected Ion Recording Data |
| MPPT | Moeller-Plesset Perturbation Theory |
| MPQC | Massively Parallel Quantum Chemistry |
| MPR | Maximum Permissible Risk |
| MPR | Magnetic Permeability Resonance |
| MPR | Mannose Phosphate Receptor |
| MPRI | Multiphoton Resonance Ionization |
| MPRSA | Marine Protection |
| MPSS | Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing |
| MPT | Matrix Perturbation Theory |
| MPT | Microwave Plasma Torch |
| MPT | Mitochondrial Permeability Transition |
| MPW | Multiple Plane Wave (in Electronic-property For Metals) |