| Acronym | Meaning |
| PCWG | Polar Climate Working Group |
| PD | Positive Definite |
| PD | Positive Definite |
| PDAM | Point Data Access And Management |
| PDE | Partial Differential Equation |
| PDF | Probability Density Functions |
| PDL | Program Design Language |
| PDM | Pulse Duration Modulation |
| PDM | Pulse Duration Modulation |
| PDR | Preliminary Design Review |
| PDS | Planetary Data System |
| PDS | Platform Data System |
| PDT | Product Development Team |
| PDU | Power Distribution Unit |
| PDU | Protocol Data Unit |
| PDW | Preliminary Design Walk-through |
| PE | Primitive Equation |
| PE | Payload Executive |
| PEACE | DOD Atoll-drilling Program For Coral Core Sample |
| PEATMOS | Primitive Equation And Trojectory Model Output Statistics |
| PEC | Performance Management Committee |
| PECASE | Presidential Early Career Award For Scientists And Engineers |
| PEL | Photo-electron Layer |
| PELTI | Passing Efficiency For The Low Turbulence Inlet |
| PEM | Particle Environment Monitor |
| PEM | Pacific Exploratory Measurements |
| PEM | Pacific Exploratory Mission |
| PEP | Photo-electron Plasma |
| PEPPI | Photometric Eclipse Polar Plume Imager |
| PERFMON | Performance Monitor Utility |
| PERL | Practical Extraction And Report Language |
| PERT | Performance Evaluation And Review Technique |
| PETA | People For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals |
| PETS | Performance Evaluation And Test System |
| PF | Performance Factor |
| PFA | Prime Factor Algorithm |
| PFA | Primary Flux Array |
| PFS | Physical Facilities Service(s) |
| PFU | Proto Flight Unit |
| PGGA | Permanent GPS Geodetic Array |
| PGS | Product |
| PHIGS | Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System |
| PHIGS | Portable Hierarchical Image And Graphic Standard |
| PHOXA | Photochemical Oxidant And Acid Deposition Model Application |
| PHS | Public Health Service |
| PI | Principal Investigator |
| PI/TL | Principal Investigator/Team Leader |
| PIBALS | Pilot Balloons |
| PICF | Principal Investigator Computing Facility |
| PICS | Positive Ion Composition Spectrometer |