| Acronym | Meaning |
| NPO-PM | NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki |
| JEM | Japanese Experiment Module |
| MIMR | Multifrequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer |
| PAM | Payload Assist Module |
| ALDP | Advanced Launch Development Program |
| ISPM | International Solar Polar Mission |
| MOL | Manned Orbiting Laboratory |
| SSME | Space Shuttle Main Engine |
| HEAO | High Energy Astronomical Observatory |
| VLBI | Very Long Baseline Interferometry |